Question

Describe the risk factors for preeclampsia.

Hint:

Primigravida, a history of preeclampsia in previous pregnancies, obesity, and pre-existing hypertension are key risk factors for preeclampsia.

Answer 1

Step 1: Risk Factors for Preeclampsia.
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that can lead to significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The following are the major risk factors for developing preeclampsia:
(1) First Pregnancy (Primigravid:
- Women who are pregnant for the first time have a higher risk of developing preeclampsia.
(2) Previous History of Preeclampsia:
- Women who have had preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy are at higher risk of recurrence.
(3) Multiple Pregnancy:
- Multiple gestations (twins, triplets) increase the risk of preeclampsia due to the higher placental load.
(4) Chronic Hypertension:
- Women with pre-existing high blood pressure are at greater risk for developing preeclampsia during pregnancy.
(5) Obesity:
- Obesity, particularly with a high body mass index (BMI>30), increases the risk of preeclampsia.
(6) Age Extremes:
- Young women (under 20) and older women (over 35) have a higher incidence of preeclampsia.
(7) Diabetes Mellitus:
- Women with pre-existing diabetes or gestational diabetes are at increased risk for preeclampsia.
(8) Kidney Disease:
- Women with chronic kidney disease or those with proteinuria before pregnancy are at higher risk.
(9) Autoimmune Disorders:
- Conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or antiphospholipid syndrome increase the risk of preeclampsia.
(10) Family History:
- A family history of preeclampsia in a mother or sister increases the likelihood of developing the condition.