Question

Define the following terms: 
(a) Gene Flow 
(b) Chromosomal Aberrations

Hint:

While gene flow contributes to preserving genetic diversity, chromosomal aberrations often lead to genetic disorders.

Answer 1

(a) Gene Flow 
Gene flow is the movement of genetic material between separate populations within a species through migration. It occurs as individuals from one group migrate and reproduce with another, thereby integrating new genetic variants. This process enhances genetic diversity and may lessen genetic disparities across populations. 
Examples: 
Transfer of pollen across different plant populations. 
Migration of animals that results in breeding with new populations. 

(b) Chromosomal Aberrations 
Types of Chromosomal Aberrations: 
Chromosomal aberrations involve changes in the structure or number of chromosomes, which can result in genetic anomalies. 
(i) Deletion: Loss of a chromosome segment. 
(ii) Duplication: Repetition of a chromosome segment. 
(iv) Inversion: A chromosome segment is flipped and reinserted. 
(v) Translocation: A chromosome segment is relocated to a different chromosome. 
(vi) Aneuploidy: An abnormal number of chromosomes, such as in Down syndrome (Trisomy 21).