Question:

Contraceptive oral pills help in birth control by

Updated On: Jul 28, 2022

killing the sperms in uterus
preventing implantation
preventing ovulation
both (b) and (c)

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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Fertilization of the ovum and its subsequent implantation is referred to as conception or pregnancy. Prevention of conception is called contraception. Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) can be taken to change the hormonal balance of the body so that the ovum is not released from the ovary. The pills may contain combinations of the hormones estrogen and progestin or progestin alone. Combinations of estrogen and progestin prevent pregnancy by inhibiting the release of the hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland. LH and FSH play key roles in the development of the egg and preparation of the lining of the uterus for implantation of the embryo. Progestin also makes the uterine mucus that surrounds the egg more difficult for sperm to penetrate. Since the ovum does not come into the Fallopian tube, it is not fertilized.

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Concepts Used:

Human Reproduction

Reproduction in human beings involves the fusion of male and female gametes that produces in their reproductive system.

Male Reproductive System:

The male reproductive system comprises:

Testicles (testes): A pair of oval-shaped organs masked in a pouch known as the scrotum. They manage the production of sperms and the male hormone testosterone.
Scrotum: It is a sac-like organ that hangs under the penis and behind it. It is the house of the testes, or testicles, and maintains a temperature that is needed for the production of sperm by it.
Vas deferens: The sperms produced in testes are stored in a tube known as the epididymis. Here the sperms get matured and pass to the urethra via the muscular tube known as vas deferens.
Accessory glands: This includes three glands, namely the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and Cowper’s gland. The secretions from the mentioned three glands mix to form a fluid known as semen. Semen nourishes the sperm, raises the volume, and helps in lubrication.
Penis: The penis is a cylindrical tube that serves as both an excretory organ, and a reproductive organ. It transfers sperms into the vagina during sexual intercourse.

Female Reproductive System:

The female reproductive system is active before, during, and after fertilization as well. It comprises the following parts:

A pair of ovaries: A pair of ovaries produce and stores ovum in them. They also produce a female hormone known to be estrogen.
Fallopian tubes (Oviducts): They are the area of fertilization. They connect both the ovaries with the uterus.
Uterus: Uterus is the place of development for the embryo.
Vagina: The part that connects the cervix to the external female body parts is called a vagina. It is the passage for the penis during coitus as well as a fetus during transfer.

List - I (Structures)		List – II (Features)
A.	Mons pubis	i.	A fleshy fold of tissue surrounding the vaginal opening
B.	Clitoris	ii.	Fatty cushion of cells covered by skin and hair
C.	Hymen	iii.	Tiny finger-like structure above labia minora
D.	Labina majora	iv.	A thin membrane-like structure covering vaginal opening

A. Genital warts	B. Genital herpes
C Syphilis	D Hepatius-B
E Trichomoniasis

List - I		List – II
A.	Parturition	i.	Several antibodies for new-born babies
B.	Placenta	ii.	Collection of ovum after ovulation
C.	Colostrum	iii.	Foetal ejection reflex
D.	Fimbriae	iv.	Secretion of the hormone hCG