To determine the increasing order of rate of hydrolysis for the given compounds, we should consider the stability of the leaving groups in each compound. Hydrolysis is generally facilitated when the leaving group is more stable. Hence, the criteria depend on: 1) The ability of the leaving group to stabilize the negative charge once it departs. 2) The other substituents present which might have an electronic effect (like resonance or inductive effects) on the leaving group.
Compound B: Has a strong leaving group compared to others, making it undergo hydrolysis at a slower rate.
Compound D: Slightly better leaving group than compound B but still not as good as others, resulting in a faster hydrolysis than B but slower than A and C.
Compound A: Has a better leaving group than compounds B and D but not as effective as the leaving group in compound C.
Compound C: Likely to have the best leaving group (perhaps due to resonance stabilization), leading to the fastest rate of hydrolysis.
Thus, the correct order of increasing rate of hydrolysis is: (B) < (D) < (A) < (C).
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Approach Solution -2
The rate of hydrolysis of acyl chlorides depends on the substituents attached to the aromatic ring:
Electron-withdrawing groups (such as NO₂) decrease the rate of hydrolysis because they make the carbonyl carbon less electrophilic.
Electron-donating groups (such as -OH) increase the rate of hydrolysis because they make the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic.
Analysis of the compounds:
(A) (Chlorobenzaldehyde): The -CHO group is electron-withdrawing, decreasing the rate of hydrolysis.
(B) (Phenol): The -OH group is electron-donating, enhancing the rate of hydrolysis.
(C) (Nitrobenzene): The -NO₂ group is strongly electron-withdrawing, greatly reducing the rate of hydrolysis.
(D) (Benzene): A simple hydrocarbon, lacking any electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups, leading to moderate hydrolysis rate.
Thus, the correct order of increasing hydrolysis rate is (B) < (D) < (A) < (C), which matches Option B.
