Step 1: Fiscal deficit formula: Fiscal Deficit = Total Expenditure − Total Receipts (excluding borrowings).
Step 2: Apply given values: Total Expenditure = 15,000 crores, Total Receipts = Revenue Receipts + Loan Recoveries = 3500 + 7500 = 11,000 crores
Fiscal Deficit = 15,000 − 11,000 = 4000 crores
Step 3: Include capital receipts from borrowings separately. Fiscal deficit usually excludes loan recoveries but includes market borrowings. Net Fiscal Deficit = 15,000 − (3500 + 2500 + 7500) = 15,000 − 13,500 = 1500 crores.


