Question

Composition of butter oil is -
A. Butter fat - 99.5 to 99.8%
B. Moisture - 0.1 to 0.3%
C. Acidity (oleic) - 0.2 to 0.5%
D. Peroxide value - 0.0 to 0.1%
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A, B and D only
• B. A, B and C only
• C. A, B, C and D
• D. B, C and D only

Hint:

For products like butter oil or ghee, remember the key principle: it's almost pure fat. This means fat content is \textgreater 99%, and everything else (moisture, acidity, etc.) must be very low, typically less than 1% combined.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the correct compositional and quality parameters for butter oil. Butter oil, also known as anhydrous milk fat (AMF), is a product made by removing almost all the water and non-fat solids from butter or cream, resulting in nearly pure milk fat.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's analyze each parameter according to food standards (like FSSAI or Codex):
A. Butter fat - 99.5 to 99.8%: This is correct. The defining characteristic of butter oil/AMF is its extremely high fat content, typically mandated to be a minimum of 99.8%. The given range is representative of high-quality butter oil.
B. Moisture - 0.1 to 0.3%: This is correct. The removal of water is a key part of the manufacturing process. The legal maximum moisture content is very low, usually around 0.1% to 0.2%, so this range is acceptable.
C. Acidity (oleic) - 0.2 to 0.5%: This represents the free fatty acid (FFA) content, which is an indicator of hydrolytic rancidity. For good quality butter oil, the FFA content should be low, typically below 0.5%. This range is a standard quality specification.
D. Peroxide value - 0.0 to 0.1%: Peroxide value (PV) measures the initial stages of oxidative rancidity. For fresh, high-quality butter oil, the PV should be very low, ideally close to zero. The given range is indicative of a fresh product.
All four statements accurately describe the standard composition and quality specifications for butter oil.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Statements A, B, C, and D are all correct. Therefore, the correct option is (C).