Question

Characteristics of an Authoritarian State include:
(A) Abolition of Civil liberties.
(B) Freedom of political activities.
(C) Restrictions on freedom of press.
(D) Infringement of Fundamental Rights.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. (A), (C) and (D) only
• B. (A), (B) and (C) only
• C. (A), (B) and (D) only
• D. (B), (C) and (D) only

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

An authoritarian state typically abolishes civil liberties, restricts press freedom, and infringes on fundamental rights, while political activities are often limited.

Answer 2

Communalism refers to a situation where religious identity becomes the primary basis for political or social action, often leading to conflict between different religious groups. In communalism, the interests of one religious community are prioritized over the others, which can result in tensions, discrimination, and violence between different religious groups.

• Secularism (A): Secularism advocates for the separation of religion from politics, ensuring that no religion dominates the state or the public sphere.
• Casteism (B): Casteism is a social discrimination based on the caste system, which is unrelated to religious identity in the way communalism is.
• Regionalism (D): Regionalism refers to the division of a population along regional or geographical lines, not religious identity.

Thus, when religious identity overrides everything else, it leads to communalism.