Rotor spinning, DREF 2 spinning, and two-nozzle airjet spinning all rely on mechanical forces (twisting, wrapping, or aerodynamic forces) to form yarn from fibers. Electrostatic spinning, however, uses electric forces to draw and elongate a polymer solution or melt into nano- to micro-scale fibers. This fundamental difference in the yarn formation principle makes electrostatic spinning the odd one out.
A closed-loop system has the characteristic equation given by: $ s^3 + k s^2 + (k+2) s + 3 = 0 $.
For the system to be stable, the value of $ k $ is:
A digital filter with impulse response $ h[n] = 2^n u[n] $ will have a transfer function with a region of convergence.