Question

As per Article 105(3), the powers, privileges, and immunities of Parliament shall be ____________.

• A. As defined by the President from time to time
• B. As laid down by the Supreme Court in its judgments
• C. As defined by Parliament by law from time to time
• D. Subject to the rules made by the Speaker of Lok Sabha

Hint:

The Constitution gives Parliament the ultimate power to make a law that defines its own privileges.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understand Article 105. Article 105 of the Indian Constitution deals with the powers, privileges, and immunities of the Houses of Parliament and their members. These privileges are special rights that allow them to perform their duties without obstruction.

Step 2: Analyze clause (3) of Article 105. This clause specifies how these privileges are determined. The original text said they would be the same as the House of Commons in the UK until Parliament defined them.

Step 3: Know the effect of the 44th Amendment. The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 amended this clause. The current provision states that the privileges shall be those that the Houses had before this amendment came into force, and importantly, they shall be such as may be defined by Parliament by law from time to time.

Step 4: Conclude the correct answer. The ultimate authority to codify and define the privileges of Parliament rests with the Parliament itself, which it can do by passing a law. Therefore, the most accurate description of the constitutional provision is that the privileges are what Parliament defines by law.