Question

Argue in favour of the need for different forms of government intervention in education and health sectors.

Hint:

Education and health are long-term investments in human development. Government intervention ensures inclusivity, affordability, and equitable access for all citizens.

Answer 1

Government intervention in education and health sectors is essential due to their significant role in improving the quality of life and enabling inclusive growth. These sectors are considered as merit goods, and their adequate provision cannot be left solely to private enterprises because of the following reasons:
Universal Access and Equity: Education and healthcare are fundamental rights. Government intervention ensures access to quality services for all, especially the poor and marginalized who cannot afford private institutions.
Externalities: Both sectors generate positive externalities. For example, an educated population contributes to increased productivity and civic awareness. Healthy citizens enhance workforce participation and reduce disease burden on society. Government spending helps to internalize these externalities.
Correcting Market Failure: The private sector often neglects remote or low-income areas due to unprofitable conditions. Government ensures service delivery in such regions through public hospitals, primary health centers, and government schools.
Investment in Human Capital: Long-term national development depends on investment in human resources. Government initiatives like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Ayushman Bharat, and Mid-Day Meal Scheme enhance learning outcomes and health standards.
Regulation and Quality Assurance: The government sets and monitors standards through bodies like NCERT, CBSE, NMC (for medical institutions), ensuring quality, transparency, and accountability in services.
Subsidization and Support: Subsidies for textbooks, free vaccinations, scholarships, public health campaigns, and free diagnostics reduce financial burden on poor families and increase enrolment and participation.
Hence, the government's role is not only that of a service provider but also a facilitator, regulator, and promoter of equity and justice in education and health.