Question:

An artificial pace-maker is implanted subcutaneously and connected to the heart in patients

Updated On: Jul 27, 2022
  • having 90% blockage of the three main coronary arteries
  • having a very high blood pressure
  • with irregularity in the heart rhythm
  • suffering from arteriosclerosis
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

$SA$-node (Sinu-atrial node) initiate heart beats and thereby sets the basic pace of the heartbeat, hence, its name pace-maker. Pace-maker is a bundle of modified cardiac muscles. An artificial pace maker is implanted subcutaneously and connected to heart in patients with irregularity in the heart rhythm.
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Concepts Used:

Circulatory Pathways

Virtually every cell, tissue, organ, and system in the body is impacted by the circulatory system.

  1. Digestive - Absorbs nutrients and water; delivers nutrients (except most lipids) to liver for processing by hepactic portal vein; provides nutrients essential for hematopoiesis and building hemoglobin.
  2. Endocrine - Delivers hormones: atrial natriuretic hormone (peptide) secreted by the heart atrial cells to help regulate blood volumes and pressures; epinephrine, ANH, angiotensin II, ADH, and thyroxine to help regulate blood pressure; estrogen to promote vascular health in women and men.
  3. Integumentary - Carries clotting factors, platelets, and white blood cells for homeostatis, fighting infection, and reparing damage; regulates temperature by controlling blood flow to the surface, where heat can be dissipated; provides some coloration of integument; acts as a blood reservoir.
  4. Muscular - Provides nutrients and oxygen for contraction; removes lactic acid and distributes heat generated by contraction; muscular pumps aid in venous return; exercise contributes to cardiovascular health and helps to prevent atherosclerosis.