Question

\( \alpha \)-1 antitrypsin is used to treat which disease?

Hint:

\( \alpha \)-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic condition. Early diagnosis and treatment with AAT therapy can prevent severe lung damage in affected individuals.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding \( \alpha \)-1 antitrypsin and its role. \( \alpha \)-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a protein primarily produced in the liver. It protects the lungs from damage caused by enzymes such as neutrophil elastase, which can degrade elastin in the alveoli. Elastin is essential for maintaining the structural integrity and elasticity of the lungs. 

Step 2: Relation to emphysema. Emphysema, a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), occurs when the alveoli in the lungs are damaged, leading to breathing difficulties. In individuals with \( \alpha \)-1 antitrypsin deficiency, the unchecked activity of neutrophil elastase accelerates alveolar damage, contributing to the development of emphysema. Administering \( \alpha \)-1 antitrypsin helps restore the protective balance, slowing disease progression. 

Conclusion: \( \alpha \)-1 antitrypsin is specifically used to treat emphysema in patients with AAT deficiency.