Question

Adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitors in early and locally advanced breast cancer.

Hint:

CDK4/6 inhibitors are effective in HR+ breast cancer, especially when used in combination with other therapies like hormonal treatments. Monitoring for side effects is important for patient management.

Answer 1

Adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitors are a class of targeted therapy used in early and locally advanced breast cancer, particularly in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) cases. These inhibitors work by blocking the cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6, which are crucial for the cell cycle and tumor cell proliferation. By inhibiting these kinases, the treatment aims to reduce cancer cell growth and improve patient survival rates.
Step 1: Mechanism of Action:
CDK4/6 inhibitors work by preventing the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), leading to cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. This stops the cancer cells from proliferating.

Step 2: Indications:
1. Early-stage HR+ breast cancer: CDK4/6 inhibitors are used in combination with hormonal therapies like aromatase inhibitors.
2. Locally advanced HR+ breast cancer: These inhibitors are also used in combination with chemotherapy to improve response rates.
Step 3: Side Effects:
1. Neutropenia: A common side effect, leading to an increased risk of infection.
2. Fatigue: Some patients may experience fatigue during treatment.
3. Gastrointestinal issues: Diarrhea is a frequent side effect that needs to be managed.