Comprehension

According to the estimates of the World Inequality Report 2022, in India, men earn 82 percent of the labour income, whereas women earn 18 percent of it. A woman agriculture field labourer makes Rs. 88 per day lesser than her male counterpart, according to the Ministry of Agriculture’s data for 2020-21. While a man is paid Rs. 383 a day on an average, a woman makes a mere Rs. 294 a day. The gap in their daily wages is more than the cost of two kilograms of rice. This gap differs from State to State. Field laborers, for instance, make the most money in Kerala. While a man gets Rs. 789 per day, a woman is paid Rs. 537. While this is the highest amount paid to a woman labourer in a State, it is also Rs. 252 lesser than what her male counterpart was paid. As of 2020-21, Tamil Nadu has the highest gender wage gap among agriculture field laborers at 112 percent. It is followed by Goa (61 percent) and Kerala. The wage gap is the lowest in Jharkhand and Gujarat (6 percent each), but the women laborers there get paid just Rs. 239 and Rs. 247 per day, respectively.
Men earn more than women across all forms of work, the gap greatest for the self-employed. In 2023, male self-employed workers earned 2.8 times that of women. In contrast, male regular wage workers earned 24% more than women and male casual workers earned 48% more. The gender gap in earnings is still a persistent phenomenon. However, there are differences in trends. The gender gap has increased for self-employed workers, while falling for regular wage workers. Male regular wage workers earned 34% more than women from 2019 to 2022, with the gap falling to 24% in 2023.

Question: 1

Assume that in 2022, the earnings gap between male and female self-employed workers was 2.5 times. In 2023, the gap increased to 2.8 times. What is the percentage increase in the earnings gap for self-employed workers from 2022 to 2023?

Updated On: Dec 1, 2024
  • 0.12
  • 0.05
  • 0.048
  • 0.24
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

The gap increased from 2.5 to 2.8 times.
Percentage increase in the gap = 2.8-2.5 / 2.5 x 100 = 12%.
Hence, the earnings gap increased by 12%.
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Question: 2

Which of the following statement is correct?

Updated On: Dec 1, 2024
  • The wage gap of Goa and Kerala state is less than Tamil Nadu
  • The wage gap of Tamil Nadu is greater than Jharkhand and Gujarat
  • Both (A) and (B)
  • None of the above
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

The wage gap in Tamil Nadu is 112%, which is greater than both Jharkhand and Gujarat (6% each). The wage gap in Goa and Kerala is lower than in Tamil Nadu.
Hence, both statements (A) and (B) are true.
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Question: 3

If the wages paid to men working in agricultural sector in Goa are Rs. 335 on an average, what is the amount of wages paid to women in the region?

Updated On: Dec 1, 2024
  • Rs. 204 approx.
  • Rs. 330 approx.
  • Rs. 239 approx.
  • None of these
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

According to the report, women earn 61% of what men earn in Goa.
Wages for women = 335 × 61/100 = 204.35 approx.
Hence, the wages paid to women in Goa are approximately Rs. 204.
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Question: 4

With reference to the information in Ques. 115 above, which region of the below mentioned states offers the least wages to the women workers in any sector?

Updated On: Dec 1, 2024
  • Gujarat
  • Goa
  • Kerala
  • Jharkhand
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

The wage gap in Jharkhand is the lowest, with women earning Rs. 239 per day. While the gap is smaller in Jharkhand, the absolute wages are also the lowest compared to the other regions. Hence, Jharkhand offers the least wages to women workers.
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Question: 5

In 2023, if the average annual income of female self-employed workers is Rs. 250, how much do male self-employed workers earn on an average?

Updated On: Dec 1, 2024
  • Rs. 550
  • Rs. 673
  • Rs. 700
  • None of these
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

The earnings gap between male and female self-employed workers is 2.8 times.
Therefore, male self-employed workers earn 250 × 2.8 = 700.
Thus, the average earnings for male self-employed workers is Rs. 700.
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Question: 6

If a female casual worker earns Rs. 200 per hour, what is the hourly wage of a male casual worker, given that male casual workers earn 48% more than female casual workers?

Updated On: Dec 3, 2024
  • Rs. 480
  • Rs. 296
  • Rs. 248
  • Cannot be determined
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

The male casual worker earns 48%. Male wage = 200 × (1 + 0.48) = 200 × 1.48 = 296.
Thus, the hourly wage for the male casual worker is Rs. 296.
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