Question

According to the Advaita of Śaṅkara, the individual self (jīva) is:

• A. Not ontologically different from Brahman
• B. Empirically different from Brahman due to the limiting adjuncts of body, mind, senses etc.
• C. Ontologically real and one with Brahman
• D. A part of Brahman

Hint:

Advaita key contrast: Absolute (pāramārthika) identity of jīva and Brahman vs. empirical (vyāvahārika) difference created by upādhis. Brahman is non-dual and partless.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A, B, C

In Advaita Vedānta, the true nature of the jīva is identical with Brahman (A).
The perceived difference between jīva and Brahman is only empirical (vyāvahārika) and arises due to limiting adjuncts (upādhi) such as body, mind, and senses—hence (B).
Since the essence of the jīva is Brahman alone (which is the only ontological reality), it is acceptable to say the jīva is ontologically real and one with Brahman when viewed in its true nature—thus (C).
Option (D) is incorrect because Brahman is partless (niravayava); nothing can be a "part" of Brahman.
\[ \boxed{\text{Therefore, (A), (B), and (C) are correct; (D) is not.}} \]