In the vertical direction:
\[2T \sin \theta = 20\]
Using the small angle approximation \( \sin \theta \approx \theta \):
\[\theta = \frac{1}{100} \implies T = \frac{10}{\theta} = 1000 \, \text{N}\]
The change in length \( \Delta L \) is given by:
\[\Delta L = 2\sqrt{x^2 + L^2} - 2L\]
\[\Delta L \approx 2L \left( \frac{x^2}{2L^2} \right) = \frac{x^2}{L}\]
Modulus of elasticity \( E \) is defined as:
\[E = \frac{\text{stress}}{\text{strain}}\]
Substitute \( E = 2 \times 10^{11} \, \text{Nm}^{-2} \):
\[2 \times 10^{11} = \frac{10^3}{A} \times \frac{x^2}{L} \times 2L\]
Solve for \( A \):
\[A = 1 \times 10^{-4} \, \text{m}^2\]
Two slabs with square cross section of different materials $(1,2)$ with equal sides $(l)$ and thickness $\mathrm{d}_{1}$ and $\mathrm{d}_{2}$ such that $\mathrm{d}_{2}=2 \mathrm{~d}_{1}$ and $l>\mathrm{d}_{2}$. Considering lower edges of these slabs are fixed to the floor, we apply equal shearing force on the narrow faces. The angle of deformation is $\theta_{2}=2 \theta_{1}$. If the shear moduli of material 1 is $4 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^{2}$, then shear moduli of material 2 is $\mathrm{x} \times 10^{9} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^{2}$, where value of x is _______ .
\( x \) is a peptide which is hydrolyzed to 2 amino acids \( y \) and \( z \). \( y \) when reacted with HNO\(_2\) gives lactic acid. \( z \) when heated gives a cyclic structure as below:
Match List-I with List-II: List-I