Question

A specimen cited in the protologue is neither the holotype nor an isotype, nor one of the syntypes. This specimen is known as:

• A. Topotype
• B. Paratype
• C. Neotype
• D. Epitype

Hint:

Remember the hierarchy and purpose of type specimens. The holotype is the primary reference. Isotypes are duplicates. Paratypes are other specimens listed in the original publication. Neotypes are replacements for lost material. Understanding this logic helps differentiate them.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the correct term for a specific type of botanical specimen used in taxonomy, based on its definition according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). The key is understanding the definitions of different 'type' specimens. The question text in the source appears to be a combination of two separate definitions, but the first sentence clearly defines one of the options.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's define the terms related to type specimens:

Holotype: The single specimen or illustration designated by the author as the nomenclatural type.
Isotype: Any duplicate specimen of the holotype.
Syntype: Any one of two or more specimens cited by the author when no holotype was designated, or any one of two or more specimens simultaneously designated as types.
Paratype: A specimen cited in the protologue (the original description) that is neither the holotype nor an isotype, nor one of the syntypes. This definition exactly matches the question.
Topotype: A specimen collected from the same locality as the holotype. It's a geographical term, not a formal type designation under the ICN.
Neotype: A specimen selected to serve as the type when all original material is lost or destroyed.
Epitype: A specimen selected to serve as an interpretative type when the holotype or other original type material is demonstrably ambiguous.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The definition provided in the question—"A specimen cited in the protologue is neither the holotype nor an isotype, nor one of the syntypes"—is the precise definition of a Paratype.