Age (in years) | Number of children |
|---|---|
1 − 2 | 5 |
2 − 3 | 3 |
3 − 5 | 6 |
5 − 7 | 12 |
7 − 10 | 9 |
10 − 15 | 10 |
15 − 17 | 4 |
Draw a histogram to represent the data above.
Here, it can be observed that the data has class intervals of varying width. The proportion of children per 1 year interval can be calculated as follows.
Age (In years) | Frequency (Number of children) | Width of classes | Length of rectangle |
|---|---|---|---|
1 − 2 | 5 | 1 | \(\frac{5 \times 1}{1}=5\) |
2 − 3 | 3 | 1 | \(\frac{3 \times 1}{1}=3\) |
3 − 5 | 6 | 2 | \(\frac{6 \times 1}{1}=6\) |
5 − 7 | 12 | 2 | \(\frac{12 \times 1}{1}=12\) |
7 − 10 | 9 | 3 | \(\frac{9 \times 1}{1}=9\) |
10 − 15 | 10 | 5 | \(\frac{10 \times 1}{1}=10\) |
15 − 17 | 4 | 2 | \(\frac{4 \times 1}{1}=4\) |
Taking the age of children on x-axis and proportion of children per 1 year interval on yaxis, the histogram can be drawn as follows. 
| S.No. | Causes | Female fatality rate (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Reproductive health conditions | 31.8 |
| 2. | Neuropsychiatric conditions | 25.4 |
| 3. | Injuries | 12.4 |
| 4. | Cardiovascular conditions | 4.3 |
| 5. | Respiratory conditions | 4.1 |
| 6. | Other causes | 22.0 |
(i) Represent the information given above graphically.
(ii) Which condition is the major cause of women’s ill health and death worldwide?
(iii) Try to find out, with the help of your teacher, any two factors which play a major role in the cause in (ii) above being the major cause.
Section | Number of girls per thousand boys |
|---|---|
Scheduled Caste (SC) | 940 |
Scheduled Tribe (ST) | 970 |
Non-SC/ST | 920 |
Backward districts | 950 |
Non-backward districts | 920 |
Rural | 930 |
Urban | 910 |
(i) Represent the information above by a bar graph.
(ii) In the classroom discuss what conclusions can be arrived at from the graph.
| Political Party | A | B | C | D | E | F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats Won | 75 | 55 | 37 | 29 | 10 | 37 |
(i) Draw a bar graph to represent the polling results.
(ii) Which political party won the maximum number of seats?
Length (in mm) | Number of leaves |
|---|---|
118 − 126 | 3 |
127 − 135 | 5 |
136 − 144 | 9 |
145 − 153 | 12 |
154 − 162 | 5 |
163 − 171 | 4 |
172 − 180 | 2 |
(i) Draw a histogram to represent the given data.
(ii) Is there any other suitable graphical representation for the same data?
(iii) Is it correct to conclude that the maximum number of leaves are 153 mm long? Why?
Length (in hours) | Number of lamps |
|---|---|
300 − 400 | 14 |
400 − 500 | 56 |
500 − 600 | 60 |
600 − 700 | 86 |
700 − 800 | 74 |
800 − 900 | 62 |
900 − 1000 | 48 |
(i) Represent the given information with the help of a histogram.
(ii) How many lamps have a lifetime of more than 700 hours?
(i) The kind of person the doctor is (money, possessions)
(ii) The kind of person he wants to be (appearance, ambition)
ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AD = BC and ∠ DAB = ∠ CBA (see Fig. 7.17). Prove that
(i) ∆ ABD ≅ ∆ BAC
(ii) BD = AC
(iii) ∠ ABD = ∠ BAC.

Statistics is a field of mathematics concerned with the study of data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, data presentation, and data organization. Statistics is mainly used to acquire a better understanding of data and to focus on specific applications. Also, Statistics is the process of gathering, assessing, and summarising data in a mathematical form.
Using measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion, the descriptive technique of statistics is utilized to describe the data collected and summarise the data and its attributes.
This statistical strategy is utilized to produce conclusions from data. Inferential statistics rely on statistical tests on samples to make inferences, and it does so by discovering variations between the two groups. The p-value is calculated and differentiated to the probability of chance() = 0.05. If the p-value is less than or equivalent to, the p-value is considered statistically significant.