A positive-edge-triggered sequential circuit is shown below. There are no timing violations in the circuit. Input \( P_0 \) is set to logic ‘0’ and \( P_1 \) is set to logic ‘1’ at all times. The timing diagram of the inputs \( SEL \) and \( S \) are also shown below. The sequence of output \( Y \) from time \( T_0 \) to \( T_3 \) is _________.
Step 1: Understand the logic circuit.
The circuit consists of two D flip-flops \( M_1 \) and \( M_2 \), and the output \( Y \) is determined by the states of these flip-flops. The clock (\( CLK \)) triggers the flip-flops, and the input signals \( SEL \) and \( S \) control the logic transitions.
Step 2: Analyze the timing diagram.
Given that \( P_0 = 0 \) and \( P_1 = 1 \), the timing diagram shows how the inputs \( SEL \) and \( S \) evolve over time. These changes determine how the flip-flops' states update, particularly at each rising edge of the clock (\( CLK \)).
Step 3: Evaluate the output.
By carefully tracking the state transitions from the timing diagram and understanding the behavior of D flip-flops, the output \( Y \) for times \( T_0 \) to \( T_3 \) is found to be 1011. Thus, the correct answer is (A).
The identical MOSFETs \( M_1 \) and \( M_2 \) in the circuit given below are ideal and biased in the saturation region. \( M_1 \) and \( M_2 \) have a transconductance \( g_m \) of 5 mS. The input signals (in Volts) are: \[ V_1 = 2.5 + 0.01 \sin \omega t, \quad V_2 = 2.5 - 0.01 \sin \omega t. \] The output signal \( V_3 \) (in Volts) is _________.
Consider a part of an electrical network as shown below. Some node voltages, and the current flowing through the \( 3\,\Omega \) resistor are as indicated.
The voltage (in Volts) at node \( X \) is _________.
The 12 musical notes are given as \( C, C^\#, D, D^\#, E, F, F^\#, G, G^\#, A, A^\#, B \). Frequency of each note is \( \sqrt[12]{2} \) times the frequency of the previous note. If the frequency of the note C is 130.8 Hz, then the ratio of frequencies of notes F# and C is:
A 4-bit weighted-resistor DAC with inputs \( b_3, b_2, b_1, \) and \( b_0 \) (MSB to LSB) is designed using an ideal opamp, as shown below. The switches are closed when the corresponding input bits are logic ‘1’ and open otherwise. When the input \( b_3b_2b_1b_0 \) changes from 1110 to 1101, the magnitude of the change in the output voltage \( V_o \) (in mV, rounded off to the nearest integer) is _________.