Question

(a) Name and explain the biotechnological strategy wherein the infection by the nematode Meloidogyne incognitia can be prevented using Agrobacterium vectors in the roots of tobacco plant by RNA interference.

Hint:

RNAi involves silencing of a specific gene using complementary double-stranded RNA to inhibit pests or pathogens at the genetic level.

Answer 1

The biotechnological strategy used is called RNA interference (RNAi).

Explanation:

• RNA interference is a method of gene silencing where double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) prevents the expression of specific genes.
   
• In this technique, genes encoding dsRNA specific to the nematode’s essential genes are introduced into the tobacco plant using Agrobacterium tumefaciens vectors.
   
• These genes transcribe RNA molecules which form dsRNA, initiating RNAi in the plant.
   
• When the nematode feeds on the transgenic roots, the silencing RNA affects its gene expression, thus preventing its infection and development.