Identify the final product formed when Toluene undergoes a series of reactions with reagents given in the order:
(i) \( \text{Cl}_2 / \text{Sunlight} \)
(ii) \( \text{H}_2\text{O}/373 \, \text{K} \)
(iii) Acetophenone / \( \text{OH}^- \) at 293 K
4 statements are given below. Identify the incorrect statement:
(A) Phenol has lower \( pK_a \) value than \( \text{p} \)-cresol.
(B) 2-Chlorophenol is more acidic than phenol.
(C) Ortho and para nitrophenols can be separated by steam distillation since \( \text{p} \)-Nitrophenol is more steam volatile than \( o \)-Nitrophenol.
(D) Phenol on reaction with \( \text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7^{2-} / \text{H}^+ \) yields a conjugated diketone.
Moving charges generate an electric field and the rate of flow of charge is known as current. This is the basic concept in Electrostatics. Another important concept related to moving electric charges is the magnetic effect of current. Magnetism is caused by the current.
Region in space around a magnet where the Magnet has its Magnetic effect is called the Magnetic field of the Magnet. Let us suppose that there is a point charge q (moving with a velocity v and, located at r at a given time t) in presence of both the electric field E (r) and the magnetic field B (r). The force on an electric charge q due to both of them can be written as,
F = q [ E (r) + v × B (r)] ≡ EElectric +Fmagnetic
This force was based on the extensive experiments of Ampere and others. It is called the Lorentz force.