A force defined by $ F = \alpha t^2 + \beta t $ acts on a particle at a given time $ t $. The factor which is dimensionless, if $ \alpha $ and $ \beta $ are constants, is:
Concepts:
Dimensional analysis, Physics
Explanation:
To determine the dimensionless factor, we need to analyze the dimensions of each term in the given force equation F = αt² + βt.
The dimension of force F is [MLT⁻²].
For the term αt² to have the same dimension as force, α must have the dimension [MLT⁻⁴] because t² has the dimension [T²].
Similarly, for the term βt to have the same dimension as force, β must have the dimension [MLT⁻³] because t has the dimension [T].
Now, we check the dimensions of each option:
a) αβt: Dimension: [MLT⁻⁴][MLT⁻³][T] = [M²L²T⁻⁶T] = [M²L²T⁻⁵] (Not dimensionless)
b) αβ/t: Dimension: [MLT⁻⁴][MLT⁻³]/[T] = [M²L²T⁻⁷] (Not dimensionless)
c) βt/α: Dimension: [MLT⁻³][T]/[MLT⁻⁴] = [MLT⁻²]/[MLT⁻⁴] = [T²] (Not dimensionless)
d) αt/β: Dimension: [MLT⁻⁴][T]/[MLT⁻³] = [MLT⁻³]/[MLT⁻³] = [1] (Dimensionless)
Therefore, the dimensionless factor is αt/β.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Determine the dimensions of force F: [MLT⁻²].
Step 2: Determine the dimensions of α from the term αt²: [MLT⁻⁴].
Step 3: Determine the dimensions of β from the term βt: [MLT⁻³].
Step 4: Analyze the dimensions of each option to find the dimensionless factor.
Step 5: Identify that αt/β is dimensionless.
Final Answer: αt/β
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