Calculating the total number of oranges:
Step 1: If 12 unsalable oranges represent three-quarters of the bruised oranges, then the total number of bruised oranges is:
\[ \frac{12}{\frac{3}{4}} = 16 \]
Step 2: For every bruised orange, there are 40 oranges. So, the total number of oranges is:
\[ 16 \times 40 = 640 \]
Thus, the total number of oranges is 640.