Question

A 45-year-old gentleman was admitted in the ward for an acute febrile illness. He is on treatment for diabetes mellitus and hypertension for the last 5 years. The ward sister witnesses the patient not responding and is in cardiac arrest, and CPR is initiated. You are called to help.
What are the reversible causes of cardiac arrest?

Hint:

The "Hs and Ts" mnemonic can help healthcare providers quickly recall the reversible causes during cardiac arrest, allowing them to act swiftly.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding reversible causes.
Reversible causes are factors that, if addressed promptly, can help restore a patient's normal rhythm during a cardiac arrest. These causes are often grouped into "Hs and Ts" to assist in remembering.

Step 2: Explanation of the causes.
- Hypoxia: Lack of oxygen to tissues can lead to arrest and can be reversed by ensuring proper oxygenation.
- Hypovolemia: Low blood volume can cause shock and cardiac arrest. This can be corrected by administering fluids.
- Hydrogen ion (acidosis): Metabolic acidosis, if corrected, can restore normal function.
- Hypo/Hyperkalemia: Electrolyte imbalances, particularly potassium, can lead to arrhythmias and can be corrected with proper treatment.
- Hypothermia: Extremely low body temperature can lead to cardiac arrest, and warming the patient may reverse it.
- Tension pneumothorax, Tamponade, Toxins, and Thrombosis are all conditions that, when corrected, can help restore normal rhythm.

Step 3: Conclusion.
Identifying and correcting the reversible causes of cardiac arrest can significantly improve the chances of survival and successful resuscitation.