Question

A 2-month-old infant is brought to the OPD with a parietal swelling present since birth. The X-ray image is given below. What could be the probable diagnosis?

• A. Subgaleal hematoma
• B. Cephalhematoma
• C. Caput succedaneum
• D. Enecephalocele

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

The given case involves a 2-month-old infant with a parietal swelling present since birth. The key to diagnosing this condition lies in understanding the characteristics of various birth-related hematomas and swellings:

• Subgaleal hematoma: This is a collection of blood beneath the scalp, above the periosteum. It can cross suture lines and is typically associated with vacuum-assisted deliveries.
• Cephalhematoma: This is a collection of blood under the periosteum of a cranial bone and is bound by suture lines; hence, it does not cross them. It is often seen as a distinct swelling that becomes apparent after birth as the overlying skin swelling subsides.
• Caput succedaneum: This refers to the edematous swelling of the scalp at the presenting part of the head during birth. It can cross suture lines and typically resolves over days.
• Encephalocele: This condition involves herniation of brain tissue through a defect in the skull, presenting as a visible or palpable mass, but has other neurological signs.

Based on the description and the nature of the swelling that has not improved since birth, the most probable diagnosis is a Cephalhematoma. This swelling is limited by the suture lines of the skull, which matches the clinical presentation described.