The percentage of carbon is calculated as:\( \%C = \frac{12}{44} \times \frac{\text{wt. of CO}_2}{\text{wt. of O.C}} \times 100 \)
\( \%C = \frac{12}{44} \times \frac{0.22}{0.48} \times 100 = \frac{600}{48} = 12.5\% \)