List of top Human Anatomy and Physiology Questions asked in GATE BM

A mechanical ventilator operating in volume controlled mode is set to deliver 600mL of tidal volume (TV) with a flow rate of 40 L/min. The frequency of breathing is set to 10 breaths per minute. If the flow rate is doubled which one of the following happens ?

The approximate total cross sectional areas of various types of blood vessels are given below. It was estimated that the velocity of blood in the aorta is 30 cms^-1. The time it will take for the blood to travel through a capillary of length 0.5 mm is_______ seconds. Give your answer rounded off to two decimal places.

Vessel Type	Approximate total cross sectional area (cm2)
Aorta	4.5
Artery	20
Arteriole	400
Capillary	4500
Venule	40
Vein	15

A person creates an apparatus as shown in the figure to exercise the extensor muscle of the hand. It is given that OP = 0.15 m, OQ = 0.35 m, θ = 30°, the weight of the lower arm = 20 N, the center of mass of the lower arm is at point P, the magnitude of the applied tensile force F = 50 N. If the extensor muscle is acting with a moment arm of 0.25 m, the muscle force required to hold the hand at the position shown in the figure is ______ N. Give your answer rounded off to the nearest integer.

An artificial fore-arm has a moment-of-inertia around the center of mass as 0.3kg.m². The mass of the artificial fore-arm is 3 kg. If the distance from the elbow joint to the center of mass of the fore-arm is 20 cm, the moment-of-inertia of the fore-arm about the elbow joint is ________ kg.m². Give your answer rounded off to two decimal places.

A bio-potential signal of 4 mV on the skin surface was fed to an amplifier with a differential gain of 2000. The noise in the signal is 1000 mV. If the amplifier output produces a noise output of 200 mV, the common mode rejection ratio of the amplifier is ________ dB. Give your answer rounded to the nearest integer.

In a motor nerve conduction velocity experiment, the distance between the distal and the recording sites is 4 cm and the distance between the proximal and the recording sites is 24 cm. The distal and proximal latencies were recorded as 6 ms and 10 ms, respectively. The nerve conduction velocity is ________ meters per second. Give your answer rounded off to the nearest integer.

A person standing one meter away from a 4000 curie radioactive source receives a lethal dose of radiation in about 5 minutes. At 3 meters away from the same source, the time in which he will receive the same lethal dose is _______ minutes. Give your answer rounded off to the nearest integer.

A DNA extract solution with a concentration of 15 ng/μL placed in a micro-cuvette of sample thickness 0.5 mm gave an absorbance of 0.24 at a wavelength of 260 nm in a spectrophotometer. After further concentration, the sample was found to give an absorbance of 0.38 at the same wavelength under identical conditions. The final concentration of the sample is _____ ng/μL. (Give your answer rounded off to 2 decimal places.)

An orthopaedic implant when monitored over 6 months showed the following normalized curves for polymer molecular weight (MW), mass of implant and mechanical strength. Among the choices, what is the most probable reason for the observed changes ?

In an attempt to integrate engineered tissue with native tissue, three samples of engineered tissue, X, Y, Z, with identical material properties, were co-cultured adjacent to three different native tissues (bone, cartilage and liver). The adhesive strengths of X, Y, Z were observed after 8 weeks as follows.
Adhesive strength for X = 150 kPa, Y= 250 kPa, Z= 350 kPa
Match the native tissue that were used to co-culture X, Y and Z from the following.
I : Liver Tissue
II : Articular Cartilage
III: Devitalized Bone

A cylindrical engineered tissue was developed with a diameter of 2 cm, height of 3 cm and Young's modulus of 20 MPa. If an axial tensile force of 10 N is applied, the percentage change in the height of the tissue is _______ %. Give your answer rounded off to 2 decimal places.

The end-diastolic ventricular volume is found to be 125 mL and the end-systolic ventricular volume is found to be 50 mL. If the heart rate is 65 beats/minute, what is the cardiac output in liters per minute? (Rounded off to 2 decimal places.)

Which of the following is/are NOT TRUE about photoreceptor cells in a healthy human retina ?

Match the different chambers/locations of a healthy human heart in Column-1 to the ranges of diastolic pressures in Column-2.

Column-1		Column-2
(P)	Arterial	(I)	2-6 mm Hg
(Q)	Pulmonary artery	(II)	8-12 mm Hg
(R)	Right ventricle	(III)	60-80 mm Hg

During the repolarization phase of a neuron, the cell is brought back to the resting potential by the action of a Sodium-Potassium pump. Which one of the following statements is TRUE for the active transport of Na⁺ and K⁺ ions through the cell membrane ?

Consider the following layers: subcutaneous fat, viable epidermis, stratum corneum, and dermis. Which one of the following represents the correct sequence of the layers from skin surface to within ?

Macrophages that are resident in the liver are ________.

The cardiac rhythm in a healthy human heart originates from ______.