List of top Questions asked in CBSE CLASS XII

Why is it that slums are the areas of residence with least choice ? Choose the correct options :
(i) They have dilapidated houses with poor ventilation.
(ii) The basic facilities like lights and toilets are difficult to get.
(iii) Hygienic conditions and drinking water are improper.
(iv) Better drainage facilities are available.
Read the following statements related to Indira Gandhi Canal Project carefully and choose the correct option :
(i) Indira Gandhi Canal project was conceived by Kanwar Sain in 1950 and it was launched in 1961.
(ii) Introduction of canal irrigation has brought perceptible changes in the agricultural economy of the command area.
(iii) Spread of canal irrigation has led to increase in cultivated area and crop intensity.
(iv) Traditional crops of jowar, bajra has been replaced by rice and wheat etc.
The watershed management programme in Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh is funded by which one of the following ministries ?
Choose the correct option to fill the blank.
The act of opening up economies for trading is known as _______.
Read the following statements related to the objectives of smart city mission carefully and choose the correct option :
(i) To promote the city with clean and sustainable environment.
(ii) To provide decent quality of life to its citizens.
(iii) To provide employment to the job seekers.
(iv) To make the city less vulnerable to disasters.
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion and Reason (R).
Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option :
Assertion : ‘World Trade Organisation (WTO) is widening the gulf between rich and poor by making rich countries richer.’
Reason (R) : ‘The influential nations in the WTO focus on their own commercial interests.’
Arrange the following towns of India from the oldest to the newest order based on their historical evolution and choose the correct option :
(i) Jaipur
(ii) Chandigarh
(iii) Madurai
(iv) Jamshedpur
Local names like Panna, Para, Palli, Nagla, Dhani etc. are examples of which of the following types of rural settlements in India ?
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option :
Assertion : ‘The agriculturally rich states of Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh are facing the crisis of groundwater depletion.’
Reason (R) : ‘More groundwater is utilised for irrigation than water-table recharge.’
“Human geography is the synthetic study of relationship between human societies and earth’s surface.” This definition of human geography is given by _______.
Which one of the following is the core concern of geography as a discipline ?
Read the following statements about ports carefully and choose the correct option :
(i) The ports provide the facilities of loading, unloading and storage of cargo.
(ii) The importance of ports is judged by the size of its hinterland.
(iii) The quantity of cargo handled by a port indicates the level of development of its hinterland.
(iv) Ports are the chief gateways of the world trade.
The concept of ‘Neodeterminism’ was introduced by _______.
Parul and Rajul were partners in a firm, sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5 : 3. The balance in their fixed capital accounts on 1st April, 2023 were: Parul Rs 6,00,000 and Rajul Rs 8,00,000. The partnership deed provided for allowing interest on capital at 12\% per annum. The net profit of the firm for the year ended 31st March, 2024 was Rs 1,26,000. Prepare Profit and Loss Appropriation Account for the year ended 31st March, 2024. Show your working clearly.
Determine those values of $x$ for which $f(x) = \frac{2}{x} - 5$, $x \ne 0$ is increasing or decreasing.
Agro-startups and rural enterprises are becoming increasingly vital for rural development in India. They address the critical challenges faced by rural sector in India. These ventures bring in technological innovations such as precision farming, IT-based monitoring system and data-driven decision making tools that enhance productivity and resource efficiency. By streamlining supply chains and creating direct market linkages, they ensure better pricing for farmers and reduce dependency on traditional intermediaries. Such enterprises contribute actively to employment generation in the rural areas. The government has demonstrated a continuous policy and financial support for agri-startups and entrepreneurs through various programs like RKVY-RAFTAAR, the Agri- infrastructure fund and Agri-SURE.
On the basis of given text and common understanding, answer the following questions:

Read the following text carefully: 
Union Food and Consumer Affairs Minister said that the Central Government has taken many proactive steps in the past few years to control retail prices of food items. He said that the government aims to keep inflation under control without compromising the country’s economic growth. Retail inflation inched up to a three-month high of 5.55% in November 2023 driven by higher food prices. Inflation has been declining since August 2023, when it touched 6.83%. 140 new price monitoring centres had been set up by the Central Government to keep a close watch on wholesale and retail prices of essential commodities. The Government has banned the export of many food items like wheat, broken rice, non-basmati white rice, onions etc. It has also reduced import duties on edible oils and pulses to boost domestic supply and control price rise. On the basis of the given text and common understanding, 
answer the following questions:

“All consumption goods are durable in nature.”
Defend or refute the given statement with the help of a suitable example.
Define Carrying Capacity.
“In the recent Budget the Government allocated funds for construction of new metro lines in smart cities to improve public transportation and reduce pollution.”
Identify the nature of government expenditure \& its objective.
Distinguish between Physical Capital and Human Capital.
Giving valid reasons, state whether the following statements are true or false.
There was growth in agricultural sector due to expansion of aggregate area under cultivation, during the colonial era.
The objective of World Trade Organisation (WTO) is to establish a rule based regime, in the world trade.
Economic growth with regional disparity was the main goal of planning in India.
Calculate the value of Net Value Added at Factor Cost (NVAFC):
S. No.Particulars Amount (In ₹ crore)
(i)Operating Surplus3,740
(ii)Increase in unsold stock600
(iii)Sales10,625
(iv)Purchase of raw materials2,625
(v)Consumption of fixed capital500
(vi)Subsidies400
(vii)Indirect taxes1,200
"In the mountainous regions, mini-hydel plants prove to be cost effective as well as eco-friendly."
Justify above statement with valid arguments.
"Small-Scale Industries require a shield against large-scale industries."