You are given a tissue with its potential for differentiation in an artificial culture. Which of the following pairs of hormones would you add to the medium to secure shoots as well as roots ?
- IAA and gibberellin
- Auxin and cytokinin
- Auxin and abscisic acid
- Gibberellin and abscisic acid
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
In plant tissue culture, the differentiation of roots and shoots from undifferentiated cells (callus) is regulated by the ratio of two key plant hormones:
- Auxins (like IAA, NAA) promote root formation.
- Cytokinins (like kinetin, BAP) promote shoot formation.
By adjusting the auxin to cytokinin ratio in the medium:
- High auxin and low cytokinin favors root development.
- High cytokinin and low auxin favors shoot development.
- Balanced ratio may lead to callus formation or development of both organs.
Therefore, to induce both shoots and roots, a combination of auxin and cytokinin is used.
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