“Writs” can be issued for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights by:
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- District Courts and High Courts
- Prime Minister and President
- Supreme Court and District Courts
- Supreme Court and High Court
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
- Article 32 of the Constitution by the Supreme Court
- Article 226 by the High Courts
These provisions empower these courts to issue writs such as Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo-Warranto to protect the fundamental rights of individuals. District Courts do not have the authority to issue writs.
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Questions Asked in TS LAWCET exam
Criminology is the scientific and jurisprudential study of crime, criminal behaviour, and the penal response of the state. It operates at the intersection of law, sociology, psychology, and public policy. Its foundational principle is nullum crimen sine lege, nulla poena sine lege, stressing that there is no crime nor punishment without a pre-existing law. Traditional criminology was shaped by the Classical School, emphasizing free will and rationality. Influenced by Bentham’s utilitarianism, it viewed punishment as a deterrent mechanism, echoing audi alteram partem in demanding procedural fairness. In contrast, the Positivist School, focused on biological, psychological, and sociological causes of criminality, thereby shifting from retributive justice to rehabilitative models.
Modern criminology encompasses diverse domains like victimology, penology, white-collar crime, cybercrime, and transnational offences. The traditional ele ments of crime, mens rea and actus reus remain crucial. However, strict liability offences and corporate crimes often challenge this binary. With the advent of globalization, criminology now interfaces with international criminal law, human rights jurisprudence, and restorative justice. It aims to reintegrate the offender and provide restitution to victims. Furthermore, critical criminology interrogates how law disproportionately penalizes marginalized groups, reflecting concerns of penal populism, mass incarceration, and criminalization of poverty. This evolving discipline critiques not just criminal behaviour but the social construction of de viance itself.- TS LAWCET - 2025
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