Question

Write two features of the drainage system of Indus Valley Civilization.

Hint:

Always remember: The Indus Valley drainage system was unique because it was {covered}, {systematic}, and {connected to every household}. This proves that urban planning and public hygiene were major priorities in their civilization.

Answer 1

One of the most striking achievements of the Indus Valley Civilization was its advanced urban planning and scientific drainage system. Archaeologists consider this system to be far ahead of its time, showing the people’s deep concern for cleanliness, hygiene, and civic life. The drainage system was uniform across major cities like Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Lothal, and Kalibangan, which shows that there was a central authority maintaining planning and engineering standards.
Two important features of the drainage system are:
1. Covered and Well-Planned Drains:
The main drains were made of baked bricks and were often covered with stone slabs or bricks, making them durable and hygienic. These drains ran parallel to the streets and had inspection holes at regular intervals, which allowed for easy cleaning and maintenance. Such a planned structure ensured that wastewater did not remain stagnant, thereby preventing foul smells and diseases. This shows their scientific understanding of sanitation.
2. Connection of Household Drains to Main Drains:
Every house, even the smaller ones, had its own private bathroom and a small drain. These drains from individual houses were connected to larger street drains. The slope of the drains was carefully maintained so that wastewater could easily flow into the main drains and then out of the city. This demonstrates both individual comfort and collective civic responsibility.
Other significant aspects include soak pits, separate drains for bathing areas, and the use of corbelled structures to strengthen them. Altogether, the drainage system reflects the engineering genius and urban management skills of the Indus Valley people.