Question

Write two features of architecture of Vijayanagar empire.

Hint:

The Vijayanagara Empire's architecture is a remarkable blend of religious devotion, military defense, and engineering prowess. Its temples and fortifications, along with its water management systems, continue to showcase the empire’s achievements in architecture and urban planning.

Answer 1

The Vijayanagara Empire, which ruled from the 14th to the 17th century, was known for its impressive architecture, blending Dravidian and Indo-Islamic styles. The architectural features of this empire are well-preserved in Hampi and other sites. Below are two prominent features of Vijayanagara architecture: Step 1: Temple Architecture.
One of the most striking features of Vijayanagara architecture is its religious structures, especially temples. The temples were massive and built using finely carved stone. These temples typically included large courtyards, towering gopurams (entrance towers), and intricate pillar carvings. These temples were dedicated to Hindu gods like Vishnu, Shiva, and Durga. The temple at Virupaksha in Hampi is a prime example of this architecture, showcasing the large scale and detailed carvings of gods and goddesses. The intricacy of the sculptures, pillars, and the overall architectural style reflect the cultural and religious significance of the empire. The temples were not just places of worship but were central to social and cultural life in Vijayanagara.
Step 2: Fortifications and Water Management.
Another important aspect of Vijayanagara architecture was its fortifications. The empire constructed vast walls and gates surrounding cities, particularly in Hampi and other major cities. The fortifications were designed with defensive strategies in mind and included watchtowers, fort gates, and military barracks. The massive fort walls were built with large granite blocks, and the city of Hampi had over 30 kilometers of walls, with several gateways designed for defense and access. Additionally, water management was an essential feature. The rulers of Vijayanagara developed an extensive water management system that included canals, tanks, step wells, and artificial lakes. This water management system helped sustain the large population and supported agricultural activities, particularly during the dry season. The water structures are still visible in the ruins of Hampi and reflect the engineering expertise of the empire.