Question

Write two characteristics of Indus Valley Civilization.

Hint:

When asked about the Indus Valley Civilization, urban planning and the drainage system are the most distinctive and frequently cited features. These highlight the advanced and organized nature of the society.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to list two key features of the Indus Valley Civilization (also known as the Harappan Civilization).

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Two prominent characteristics of the Indus Valley Civilization are:
\begin{enumerate}[label=\arabic*.] \item Systematic Urban Planning: The cities of the Indus Valley, such as Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, were remarkably well-planned. They featured a grid-like pattern for streets, which intersected at right angles. The cities were often divided into two parts: a raised citadel area (likely for rulers and public buildings) and a lower town (for the general populace). Houses were built with standardized, baked bricks. \item Advanced Drainage and Sanitation System: This civilization had one of the world's first and most sophisticated urban sanitation systems. Almost every house had a private bathroom and was connected to a covered drainage network that ran along the streets. These drains had manholes for cleaning and maintenance, showing a strong emphasis on public health and hygiene that was unparalleled in the ancient world. \end{enumerate} Other notable characteristics include a standardized system of weights and measures, a unique (and still undeciphered) script, distinctive pottery, and extensive trade networks.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Two key characteristics are its sophisticated urban planning with a grid-like street layout and its advanced drainage and sanitation system.