Write the structures of A, B, and C in the following reactions:
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- Ethyl cyanide and ethyl amide are intermediates in this nucleophilic substitution and hydrolysis sequence.
- In diazotization reactions, the diazonium ion is formed by reacting amines with nitrous acid.
(a)
\[
\text{A} = \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CN} \quad \text{(Ethyl Cyanide)}
\]
\[
\text{B} = \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CONH}_2 \quad \text{(Ethyl Amide)}
\]
\[
\text{C} = \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{NH}_2 \quad \text{(Ethyl Amine)}
\]
- Step 1: In this reaction, ethyl bromide (CH\(_3\)CH\(_2\)Br) reacts with KCN (potassium cyanide) in a nucleophilic substitution to form ethyl cyanide (A).
- Step 2: The ethyl cyanide (A) undergoes partial hydrolysis in the presence of OH\(^-\), converting the nitrile group to an amide to form ethyl amide (B).- Step 3: Finally, the ethyl amide (B) reacts with NaOH + Br\(_2\) to form ethyl amine (C) through halogenation and basic hydrolysis.
(b)
- Step 1: Nitrobenzene reacts with Fe + HCl (reduction reaction) to form aniline (A).
- Step 2: The aniline (A) reacts with NaNO\(_2\) + HCl at 273-278 K to form diazonium salt (B).
- Step 3: Finally, the diazonium salt (B) undergoes coupling with phenol (C) to form phenol (C) in the presence of NaOH.
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