Question

Write the chemical reactions for the following: 
I. Chlorobenzene is heated with fuming H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) 
II. Ethyl bromide is heated with silver acetate

Hint:

In electrophilic aromatic substitution, sulfonation of chlorobenzene introduces a -SO3H group. In nucleophilic substitution, ethyl bromide reacts with silver acetate to form an ester.

Answer 1

1. Chlorobenzene is heated with fuming H\(_2\)SO\(_4\): When chlorobenzene is heated with fuming sulfuric acid (H\(_2\)SO\(_4\)), a sulfonation reaction takes place, where a sulfonic group (-SO\(_3\)H) is introduced into the benzene ring at the position of the chlorine atom. The reaction is as follows: \[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{Cl} + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \xrightarrow{\text{fuming } H_2SO_4} \text{C}_6\text{H}_4\text{ClSO}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \] In this reaction, chlorobenzene reacts with fuming H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) to form 2-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid (C\(_6\)H\(_4\)ClSO\(_3\)). 2. Ethyl bromide is heated with silver acetate: When ethyl bromide (C\(_2\)H\(_5\)Br) is heated with silver acetate (AgOAc), an esterification reaction occurs, leading to the formation of ethyl acetate (C\(_2\)H\(_5\)OAc) and the release of silver bromide (AgBr). The reaction is as follows: \[ \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{Br} + \text{AgOAc} \rightarrow \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OAc} + \text{AgBr} \] In this reaction, ethyl bromide reacts with silver acetate to form ethyl acetate and silver bromide.