Question

Write short notes on the following: (i) Vaccination (ii) Bio-fertilizer

Hint:

Vaccines help in preventing diseases, while bio-fertilizers play a key role in sustainable agriculture by enhancing soil health.

Answer 1

(i) Vaccination: Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to stimulate the immune system to produce an immune response against a specific pathogen. Vaccines typically contain inactivated or weakened forms of the pathogen, or parts of it, such as proteins. This helps the body recognize and fight the pathogen in case of future exposure. Vaccination has played a major role in the control of infectious diseases like polio, measles, and influenza. (ii) Bio-fertilizer: Bio-fertilizers are natural fertilizers that contain living microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or algae, which promote the growth of plants by increasing nutrient availability. These microorganisms help in fixing nitrogen, decomposing organic matter, and enhancing soil health. Common examples include Rhizobium, Azotobacter, and mycorrhizal fungi.
Final Answer: Vaccination involves administering a vaccine to stimulate an immune response, while bio-fertilizers are natural fertilizers containing beneficial microorganisms that improve soil fertility.