Question

Write short notes on adaptation of desert plants and animals.

Hint:

Plants adapt mainly by water storage and reduced transpiration, while animals adapt by water conservation and behavioral changes like nocturnal activity.

Answer 1

Desert plants and animals show special adaptations to survive in extremely hot and dry conditions with very little water. These adaptations help them conserve water and tolerate high temperatures. 

Adaptations in Desert Plants (Xerophytes): \[\begin{array}{rl} 1. & \text{Reduced leaves or spines: e.g., cactus has spines instead of leaves to minimize water loss by transpiration.} \\ 2. & \text{Thick stems: Many plants (like cactus, Euphorbia) have succulent stems that store water.} \\ 3. & \text{Waxy coating: Stems and leaves are covered with a thick cuticle to reduce evaporation.} \\ 4. & \text{Deep roots: Some plants have very deep root systems to absorb underground water, while others have widespread shallow roots to absorb surface rainwater quickly.} \\ \end{array}\] Adaptations in Desert Animals: \[\begin{array}{rl} 1. & \text{Water conservation: Camels can survive for long periods without water; they store fat in their humps which is converted into water and energy.} \\ 2. & \text{Nocturnal habits: Many desert animals (rats, foxes, lizards) are active at night to avoid daytime heat.} \\ 3. & \text{Burrowing: Animals like desert rats live in burrows to escape the hot sun.} \\ 4. & \text{Efficient kidneys: They excrete highly concentrated urine to minimize water loss.} \\ \end{array}\]

Conclusion:
Both desert plants and animals have evolved structural, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to survive in harsh desert climates.