Question

Write short notes on Active Immunity and Vaccination.

Hint:

Active immunity = long-term defense produced by body's own antibodies. Vaccination = safe exposure to antigens → stimulates active immunity and memory cell formation.

Answer 1

Active Immunity: \[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{Active immunity is the immunity developed by the body when it is exposed to antigens, either naturally (through infection) or artificially (through vaccines).} \\ \bullet & \text{The immune system produces antibodies and memory cells, providing long-lasting protection.} \\ \bullet & \text{Example: Recovery from measles infection or immunity after polio vaccination.} \\ \end{array}\] Vaccination: \[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{Vaccination is an artificial method of providing active immunity.} \\ \bullet & \text{A vaccine is a preparation containing dead or weakened pathogens, or their antigenic parts, which stimulate the immune system without causing disease.} \\ \bullet & \text{Vaccines help the body produce memory cells, so that during actual infection, the immune response is faster and stronger.} \\ \bullet & \text{Examples: Polio vaccine, BCG vaccine (for tuberculosis), Hepatitis B vaccine.} \\ \end{array}\] Conclusion: Vaccination is one of the most effective public health measures to prevent infectious diseases and is based on the principle of inducing active immunity.