Question

Write any four types of marriages described in Mahabharata.

Hint:

The Mahabharata describes various forms of marriages, with Brahma marriage being the highest form, followed by Daiva, Arsha, and Gandharva marriages, each reflecting different societal norms and practices.

Answer 1

The Mahabharata, an epic that provides insights into ancient Indian society and culture, mentions several types of marriages that were prevalent during the time. These marriages are classified based on various customs and rituals. Here are four types of marriages described in the Mahabharata:
Step 1: Brahma Marriage.
Brahma marriage is considered the highest and most sacred form of marriage. It is a marriage where the man selects a woman and the marriage is solemnized with proper Vedic rituals. This type of marriage is often considered divine and is characterized by mutual respect and love. In the Mahabharata, Yudhishthira and Draupadi had a Brahma marriage.
Step 2: Daiva Marriage.
Daiva marriage involves the giving away of a daughter to a priest in exchange for religious rites or blessings. This type of marriage was often practiced in ancient India as part of a religious ritual. It was generally arranged by the parents, and the bride's consent was not always sought. In the Mahabharata, the marriage of Sahadeva and Vrihadratha can be considered an example of Daiva marriage.
Step 3: Arsha Marriage.
Arsha marriage is a type of marriage where the bridegroom gives a cow or a token gift as a bride price to the bride’s family. This marriage was considered more practical and less religious compared to Brahma marriage. It is said that the groom and bride exchange vows in front of elders, and this marriage is described as being common in rural areas.
Step 4: Gandharva Marriage.
Gandharva marriage is a marriage based on mutual attraction and love between the partners, without the formal rituals or involvement of family members. It is a union that occurs by the free will of both individuals. In the Mahabharata, the love story of Satyavati and Shantanu is an example of Gandharva marriage. This type of marriage was considered romantic, though not always accepted by society at large.