Question

Write an essay on the role of microorganisms in human welfare.

Hint:

Remember: Not all microbes are harmful—many are used in biotechnology, health, and environment management.

Answer 1

Microorganisms play an essential role in human welfare by contributing to food production, medicine, industry, and environmental balance. While some cause diseases, many are beneficial. 1. In Food Industry: \[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{Fermentation: Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is used in bread, alcohol, and wine production.} \\ \bullet & \text{Dairy products: Lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus) are used in curd, cheese, and yogurt formation.} \\ \end{array}\] 2. In Medicine: \[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{Antibiotics: Penicillium notatum produces penicillin, the first antibiotic.} \\ \bullet & \text{Vaccines: Microbes are used in the production of vaccines (e.g., BCG, Hepatitis B).} \\ \end{array}\] 3. In Industry: \[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{Enzymes: Microbes produce enzymes like amylase, lipase, and protease for detergents and food processing.} \\ \bullet & \text{Organic Acids: Aspergillus niger produces citric acid; Acetobacter produces acetic acid (vinegar).} \\ \end{array}\] 4. In Environment: \[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{Biogas production: Methanogens produce methane gas from organic waste.} \\ \bullet & \text{Bioremediation: Microbes degrade pollutants and oil spills.} \\ \end{array}\]