(i) With suitable examples, distinguish between Direct Tax and Indirect Tax.
(ii) Responding to the Prime Minister's 'Give it Up Campaign', a large number of Indian families have voluntarily surrendered their cooking gas subsidy. Identify and explain the objective behind this action taken by the Government of India.
Distinction between Direct Tax and Indirect Tax:

(ii) Objective of the Action: The government's objective behind the campaign was to ensure targeted subsidy distribution. The initiative aimed at encouraging financially stable households to give up their subsidies so that the benefits could reach poor and underprivileged families who truly need financial assistance for cooking gas.
| Row | Statistical Model | Elasticity |
| 1 | \(y_t=β_1+β_2\frac{1}{x_t}\epsilon_t\) | \(-\frac{β_2}{x^2_t}\) |
| 2 | \(y_t=β_1-β_2\text{ln}(x_t)+\epsilon_t\) | \(-\frac{β_2}{x^2_t}\) |
| 3 | ln(yt) = β1 + β2 ln(xt) + εt | β2 |
| 4 | ln(yt) = β1 + β2xt + εt | β2xt |
| 5 | ln(yt) = β1 + β2 ln(xt) + εt | β2 exp(xt) |
| 6 | ln(yt) = β1 + β2xt + εt | \(β_2\frac{1}{\text{exp}(x_t)}\) |
Here are two analogous groups, Group-I and Group-II, that list words in their decreasing order of intensity. Identify the missing word in Group-II.
Abuse \( \rightarrow \) Insult \( \rightarrow \) Ridicule
__________ \( \rightarrow \) Praise \( \rightarrow \) Appreciate
Eight students (P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W) are playing musical chairs. The figure indicates their order of position at the start of the game. They play the game by moving forward in a circle in the clockwise direction.
After the 1st round, the 4th student behind P leaves the game.
After the 2nd round, the 5th student behind Q leaves the game.
After the 3rd round, the 3rd student behind V leaves the game.
After the 4th round, the 4th student behind U leaves the game.
Who all are left in the game after the 4th round?

The following figures show three curves generated using an iterative algorithm. The total length of the curve generated after 'Iteration n' is:
