Step 1: Understanding the Widal Test.
The Widal test is a diagnostic test used to detect the presence of antibodies against the bacteria *Salmonella typhi*, the causative agent of typhoid fever. It is commonly used in clinical laboratories to diagnose typhoid.
Step 2: Analysis of options.
- (A) Pneumonia: Pneumonia is caused by different pathogens like bacteria, viruses, or fungi, but not by *Salmonella typhi*. The Widal test is not used for pneumonia diagnosis.
- (B) Typhoid: Typhoid fever is caused by *Salmonella typhi*, and the Widal test is specifically used for diagnosing this disease.
- (C) Malaria: Malaria is caused by *Plasmodium* parasites, not *Salmonella typhi*, and is diagnosed through blood tests like the Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) or blood smear examination, not the Widal test.
- (D) Cholera: Cholera is caused by *Vibrio cholerae*, not *Salmonella typhi*, so the Widal test is not used for cholera diagnosis.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The Widal test is used to diagnose Typhoid fever, making option (B) the correct answer.
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Prevention is the frontline response to drug use. Effective interventions address the underlying conditions contributing to drug use, such as a lack of connection to family or community, instability, insecurity, trauma, mental health issues, etc. When addressed, these factors can effectively prevent the initiation of drug use and the progression to drug use disorders. Study the few key figures of drug use given below and answer the questions that follow.
(a) What do you infer from the figures in Table No. 1 about the people with drug use disorders, 2022 (in million)? State any two of your observations.
(b) How are Hepatitis C and HIV related to drug use disorders by people, as shown in Table No. 2? State the correlation between the two.
(c)