Which one of the following options represents possible voltage polarities in a single-phase two winding transformer? Here, $ V_p $ is the applied primary voltage, $ E_p $ is the induced primary voltage, $ V_s $ is the open circuit secondary voltage, and $ E_s $ is the induced secondary voltage.

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Step 1: Transformer voltage polarities. In a transformer: \section*{Transformer Voltage Polarities} The applied primary voltage ($V_p$), induced primary voltage ($E_p$), open circuit secondary voltage ($V_s$), and induced secondary voltage ($E_s$) are key parameters in transformer operation. In a single-phase, two-winding transformer, the polarities of the induced voltages ($E_p$ and $E_s$) are always opposite to their corresponding applied voltages ($V_p$ and $V_s$) due to Lenz's Law . This means that: When the top terminal of the primary winding (marked with $V_p$) is negative, the top terminal of the secondary winding (marked with $V_s$) will be positive. Conversely, when the top terminal of the primary winding is positive, the top terminal of the secondary winding will be negative. Hence, the correct option is (B) .

Answer

\includegraphics[width=0.25\linewidth]{18.1.png}

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\includegraphics[width=0.25\linewidth]{18.2.png}

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\includegraphics[width=0.25\linewidth]{18.3.png}

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\includegraphics[width=0.25\linewidth]{18.4.png}

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The Correct Option is B

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