Step 1: Understanding borehole logging tools.
Different well-logging tools are designed for specific measurements:
- Sonic log: Measures the travel time of sound waves in formations, used to calculate porosity and lithology.
- Density log: Uses gamma rays to measure electron density and formation bulk density.
- Neutron log: Measures hydrogen concentration, mainly used to estimate porosity.
- Caliper log: Directly measures the borehole diameter using mechanical arms or pads that expand to touch the borehole walls.
Step 2: Identify the tool for diameter measurement.
Among the given tools, only the caliper log physically measures the borehole size by detecting changes in borehole diameter (enlargements, washouts, or caving zones).
Step 3: Conclusion.
Therefore, the correct logging tool to measure borehole diameter is the Caliper log.
\[
\boxed{\text{Correct Tool: Caliper}}
\]