Which one of the following is not a second messenger in hormone action?
- cGMP
- Calcium
- Sodium
- cAMP
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Sodium is not a second messenger in hormone action. Second messengers are typically small molecules or ions that transmit signals from the cell surface, where the hormone binds to its receptor, to the interior of the cell. cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), calcium ions (Ca2+), and cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) are all examples of second messengers involved in various cellular signaling pathways. Sodium is not typically considered a second messenger in hormone action.
So, the correct option is (C): Sodium
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Concepts Used:
Biotechnology
Biotechnology is a vast field of biology that involves the creation, production, and modification of useful products for human welfare using both the technology and the execution of living organisms and their components. An agricultural engineer, Karoly Ereky, coined the word "biotechnology" in 1919, achieving him the title of "Father of Biotechnology."
Principles of Biotechnology:
Among many, the two core techniques that entitled the birth of modern biotechnology are :
- Genetic Engineering is one of the methods of direct modifications of an organism's genome (i.e., DNA and RNA). It requires the introduction of new genes into host species to escalate function or trait, hence altering the host organism's phenotype.
- Bioprocess Engineering is one of the methods of maintaining sterile conditions to facilitate the growth of large quantities of desired microbes and other eukaryotic cells for the development of new or modified biotechnological products such as enzymes, vaccines, antibiotics, and other biotechnological products.