Question

Which one of the following concepts of Human Geography believes in the supremacy of nature?

• A. Environmental Determinism
• B. Possibilism
• C. Neo-Determinism
• D. Positivism

Hint:

Environmental Determinism emphasizes "nature controls humans," while Possibilism emphasizes "humans control nature."

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding Environmental Determinism.
Environmental Determinism is a concept in Human Geography that states that human activities, culture, and social development are controlled and shaped by the physical environment, particularly nature. It emphasizes that nature is supreme and humans are passive recipients.

Step 2: Analyzing other options.
- (B) Possibilism → Believes humans can modify and adapt the environment using technology; rejects the supremacy of nature.
- (C) Neo-Determinism → A middle path where nature provides opportunities but human decisions shape outcomes.
- (D) Positivism → A philosophy focusing on scientific and empirical methods, unrelated to supremacy of nature.

Step 3: Conclusion.
Only Environmental Determinism holds that nature is supreme over human beings.
\[ \boxed{\text{Environmental Determinism}} \]