Question:

Which one is used in the production of insulin by genetic engineering?

Updated On: Jun 18, 2022
  • Eschereria coli
  • Mycobacterium
  • Both [a] and [b]
  • None of these
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

E. coli is used in the production of insulin by genetic engineering. Insulin is a small protein produced by the pancreas in vetebrates and controls the body uptake of glucose from the blood. Obtaining this insulin is an expensive procedure and obviously insulin from other animals is not as effective as the human insulin may be. Because of the small size of and its value, the production of human insulin by recombinant DNA technology was early goal of pharmaceutical industry. Mycobacterium sp. cause various diseases in human, eg, tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis).
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Concepts Used:

Applications of Biotechnology

Biotechnology is the technology that utilizes biological systems, living organisms, or parts of this to develop or create different products.

For example, brewing and baking bread fall within the concept of biotechnology (use of yeast (= living organism) to produce the desired product).

Agriculture

Alternative to conventional farming: A possible solution is the use of genetically modified crops which is an alternative path to conventional farming.

Medicine 

In the area of healthcare, recombinant DNA technological processes have made an immense impact which enables the mass production of safe and more effective therapeutic drugs.

Gene Therapy 

A collection of methods that allows the correction of a gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child/embryo is called Gene Therapy.

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For editing genomes, CRISPR is a simple yet powerful tool which allows researchers to easily alter DNA sequences and modify gene function.