Step 1: Electromagnetic induction principle.
Electromagnetic induction is the process where a changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a conductor. This principle is used in various electrical devices.
Step 2: Working of different devices.
Electric fan: The motor in the fan operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where the changing magnetic field in the motor induces a current in the coils to create motion.
Transformer: A transformer uses electromagnetic induction to transfer electrical energy between two circuits via a changing magnetic field.
Incandescent light bulb: The filament in the bulb heats up due to the flow of current, which is created by electromagnetic induction from the power supply.
Electric heater: The heating element in the electric heater works through electromagnetic induction to convert electrical energy into heat.
Step 3: Conclusion.
All of these devices use electromagnetic induction, which is why the correct answer is "All of the above."