The organized beating of cilia is primarily controlled by the sliding movement of microtubules and the action of motor proteins (dynein arms), not by fluxes of Ca2+ across the membrane. Calcium ions may be involved in other cellular processes, but they do not directly control the beating of cilia.
So, the correct option is (A): The organized beating of cilia is controlled by fluxes of Ca2+ across the membrane.
A constant voltage of 50 V is maintained between the points A and B of the circuit shown in the figure. The current through the branch CD of the circuit is :
The output (Y) of the given logic implementation is similar to the output of an/a …………. gate.
What is Microalbuminuria ?

In the above represented plasmid an alien piece of DNA is inserted at the EcoRI site. Which of the following strategies will be chosen to select the recombinant colonies?
The term ‘biodiversity’ is derived from the two words- ‘bios' which means life and ‘diversity’ i.e, differentiation or variation. Edward Wilson, the sociobiologist was the first to popularise the term ‘biodiversity’ in the year 1992. The term implies the occurrence of various plants and animals along with their variants such as biotypes, ecotypes and genes on earth. In our biosphere, the immense diversity or heterogeneity remains not only at the species level but also, at every level of biological organization that ranges from macromolecules in the cells to biomes.
Biodiversity and Conservation is a topic covered under the fifteenth chapter and Unit 5 of NCERT class 12 biology.