Which of the following statements is correct?
- Some of the organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialized cells called sheath cells.
- Fusion of two cells is called Karyogamy.
- Fusion of protoplasms between two motile on non-motile gametes is called plasmogamy.
- Organisms that depend on living plants are called saprophytes.
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Plasmogamy is the process of fusing the protoplasm (cytoplasm) of two gametes, whether they are motile or non-motile. This is a key step in the sexual reproduction of certain organisms, particularly fungi, where the fusion of cytoplasm precedes the fusion of nuclei (karyogamy).
Here's a brief explanation for each statement:
Option (A): Some organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialized cells called sheath cells. This statement is correct. Some cyanobacteria, like Anabaena, have specialized cells called heterocysts that can fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Option (B): Fusion of two cells is called Karyogamy. This statement is incorrect. Karyogamy is the fusion of two nuclei, which typically occurs during sexual reproduction, but it is not the fusion of two whole cells.
Option (D): Organisms that depend on living plants are called saprophytes. This statement is incorrect. Organisms that feed on dead or decaying organic matter are called saprophytes. Organisms that depend on living plants for nutrition are usually referred to as parasites.
So, option (C) is the correct one regarding plasmogamy, which is the fusion of protoplasms (cytoplasm) between two gametes.
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Concepts Used:
Kingdom Fungi - Edible Fungus
Fungi (singular: fungus or funguses) are eukaryotic organisms classified under the kingdom Fungi. These organisms can be single-celled or multicellular. They include organisms, particularly yeasts, mushrooms, and molds. The eukaryotic microorganisms possess a cell wall made of chitin and polysaccharides. With that, they can be found anywhere and are classified as heterotrophs.
The nucleus they keep is surrounded by a nucleus membrane and is dense, clear, and also contains chromatin threads. The existence of fungi can be seen as black spots found on bread, mushrooms, and yeast cells. These microorganisms are also responsible for fungal and skin diseases.
- Based on the mode of nutrition, fungi can be classified as Saprophytic, Parasitic, and Symbiotic.
- Based on spore formation, fungi can be classified as Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes.
Read More: Biological Classification
Following are the important features of fungi:
- Fungi are multicellular organisms that have a cell wall, organelles, and a nucleus but no chloroplasts.
- They lack locomotion mechanisms. Fungi can range in size from microscopic to massive ( such as mushrooms).
- The process of obtaining nutrients is known as absorption.
- Fungi, for the most part, get their nutrients from decaying matter.